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White Papers:
An Index of the YESS Institute's Exploration of EQ

Greetings EQ Advocates!

In this new forum, the YESS Institute will continually update you on primary and secondary emotional intelligence research. To sustain our mission, this information will include the following:

Socio-emotional intelligent learning patterns in adolescents

Curriculum design that develops the four main quadrants of EQ defined by Daniel Goleman: self-awareness, self-management, interpersonal awareness, interpersonal management

Skill, attitudinal and behavioral change in adolescents after exposure to the YESS EmoSmart Leadership™ program

Gauging return on community investment using the YESS EmoSmart Leadership™ program’s results as a portal for community cost savings

As the YESS Institute continues to research these results, we will present this information as white papers in this virtual arena.

About Emotional Intelligence

In the early 20th century, psychologists began to question the existence of a type of intelligence beyond intellect. David Wechsler (1940) was the first to refer to a non-cognitive aptitude that is essential to success by contending that “total intelligence [includes] some measures of non-intellective factors” (as cited in Cherniss, 2000, ¶ 5). However, until Howard Gardner defined his theory on multiple intelligences in his book titled Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (1983), psychologists overlooked Wechsler’s philosophy. Using Wechsler’s framework, Gardner theorized that, without productivity, intelligence (IQ) is inconsequential, so overall intellect must be more than just IQ. This enigma was finally coined emotional intelligence by psychologists John D. Mayer and Peter Salovey (1990, 1993, 1995) in a series of academic articles focused on social competence. They defined emotional intelligence (often dubbed EQ or EI) as “the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide our thinking and action” (1990, p. 185). This significant analysis served as the catapult for Harvard-trained psychologist and New York Times writer Daniel Goleman’s first book, Emotional Intelligence (1995), which finally popularized the subject.

Further Reading and References

Cherniss, C. (April 15, 2000). Emotional intelligence: What it is and why it matters. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, New Orleans, LA.

Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam.

Goleman, D. (1997). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. New York: Bantam.

Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam.

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1995). Emotional intelligence and the construction and regulation of feelings. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 4 (3), 197-208.

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17 (4), 433-442.

Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. (1990). Emotional intelligence: Imagination, cognition, and personality, 9(3), 185-211.

Wechsler, D. (1940). Nonintellective factors in general intelligence. Psychological Bulletin, 37, 444-445.